LO Metadata [pár ROSSZ LINK és ikon!!!]
Standards for LOM
WHAT ARE THE STANDARDS FOR LOM ?
There are many different organisations involved in the creation of standards for metadata.The standards are based on a thesaurus (a controlled vocabulary) which contains key words to describe a LO in terms of content and discipline. This allows any user to retrace the LO and helps to identify
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the author of the LO |
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the date of the LO |
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potential target of users |
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the software used to produce the LO |
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the format of the LO and where it would be used |
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links with other documents |
The compilation of the metadata fields is up to the author , but some of these are automatically compiled by the system.
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative -DCMI and IEEE/LOM- 2001 are the most important initiatives that have provided largely used standards.
DUBLIN CORE METADATA INITIATIVE (DCMI) - 1999
One of the first organisations involved in metadata was Dublin Core.This organisation takes its name from its location in Dublin Ohio where the first working group was established.
DCMI proposed a standard which concerns the description of the resource which is presented on the web (therefore also non didactic).
It is characterised by a minimalist approach, with few descriptors which are easily understood and can be adapted to a wide range of resources.
This represents the departure point of successive developments up to current research concerning the semantic web.
The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) is made up of 15 elements which can be grouped under three main headings:
CONTENT |
INTELLECTUAL PROPRIETY |
CHARACTERISTICS |
| - Title - Subject - Description - Source - Language - Link - Cover |
- Creator - Contributor - Rights |
- Date - Type - Format - Identifying features |
As far as the educational field is concerned DCMI provides very few indications abouthow to use the resource and it suggests adding other elements such as the educational level of the user and the instructional method employed in the development of the resource.
It is, nevertheless, an adaptation as the Dublin Core Metadata Scheme is mainly devised to describe any kind of online resources.
IEEE/LOM- 2001
In 2001 the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineers developed a standard based on the smallest collection of attributes which were necessary to manage, locate and evaluate didactic resources.
The standard comprises 9 categories which can be broken down into approximately 70 fields.
An example: clicking on the category n.6 named "Rights" it is possible to enter and fill in the three following fields:
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- costs |
it provides information if the use of the resource is submitted to any forms of payment |
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- copyright |
it highlights if the use of the resource is covered by copyright |
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- description |
it provides comments on the conditions of use of the resource. |
Here are the 9 IEEE/LOM categories:
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N. |
CATEGORIES
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FIELD
NUMBER |
DESCRIPTORS
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1.
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11
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It provides general information on the resource, for example an unambiguous identifier (URI, ISBN, DOI etc.), the title, the language, the description, the time and space used and the structure of the resource (atomic, branched, collection, networked, hierarchical, linear, mixed, parcelled) |
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2.
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6
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It provides information on the history and evolution of the resource, the date of its creation and editing, the version, the primary and secondary contributions etc. |
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3.
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9
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This category provides information on the scheme of metadata adopted, the author of the standard, the language of the scheme (that can be different from the one of the resource), its format etc. |
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4.
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12
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This category describes the technical requirements and characteristics of the resource (format, size, technical specifications, duration etc.) |
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5.
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11
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It provides information on the educational or pedagogic use of the resource. This category is of major interest for teachers and developers' communities. |
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6.
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3
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It provides information on the intellectual rights of the resource, copyright matters and conditions of use. |
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7.
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7
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It provides information on the relationship between one resource and another, if one exists; it is a useful strategy to discover relationships with other resources; in fact it is not possible to do this within the resource/learning object because being self-consistent, a LO can't contain links to any other resources. |
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8.
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3.
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It provides comments on the educational use of the resource, and information on the author and the date of comments; it differs from other categories as it is reserved for users, evaluators, etc. |
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9. |
8
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It provides information on the theme or subject dealt with in the resource. |